See markō on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "markalandą"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "markōmann-"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "mark"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "merk"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "marke"
},
{
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{
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"word": "mark"
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{
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},
{
"lang": "Scots",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "merke"
},
{
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{
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"word": "merk"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "mearc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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{
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{
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"word": "merk"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "marke"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"word": "mark"
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{
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"word": "merk"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "merke"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "mark"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "merk"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "merc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Maak"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Määrk"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "merk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "marke"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "marka"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "marke"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*marka"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "marke"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "march"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "marc"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "marka"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "marco"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "marco"
}
],
"lang": "Suevic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Medieval Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "marca"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*marku"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "mörk"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "mørk"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "mork"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "mark"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "mark"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "mark"
}
],
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"lang_code": "da",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "mark"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "marg"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "marg"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "mǫrk"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Norse",
"lang_code": "gmq-pro",
"roman": "*marku",
"word": "*ᛗᚨᚱᚲᚢ"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "marka",
"word": "𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mórǵs",
"t": "edge, boundary, border"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs (“edge, boundary, border”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "مَرْز",
"t": "boundary, frontier",
"tr": "marz"
},
"expansion": "Persian مَرْز (marz, “boundary, frontier”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "margō",
"t": "border, edge"
},
"expansion": "Latin margō (“border, edge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*mrogis",
"t": "region, country"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *mrogis (“region, country”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs (“edge, boundary, border”), possibly from *merǵ- (“to divide”). Cognate with Persian مَرْز (marz, “boundary, frontier”), Latin margō (“border, edge”), Proto-Celtic *mrogis (“region, country”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "markō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "markôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "markō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "markôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "markǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "markōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "markōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "markǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "markōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "markōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "markō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "markōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/markō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "marką"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "markōną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"border, boundary"
],
"id": "en-markō-gem-pro-noun-hsKCK1aX",
"links": [
[
"border",
"border"
],
[
"boundary",
"boundary"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"region, area"
],
"id": "en-markō-gem-pro-noun-Sb8zSIJp",
"links": [
[
"region",
"region"
],
[
"area",
"area"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑr.kɔː/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "markō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns",
"gem-pro:Geography"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "markalandą"
},
{
"word": "markōmann-"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "mark"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "merk"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "marke"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "mark"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "merk"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "merke"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "mark"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "merk"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "mearc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "mark"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "merk"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "marke"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "mark"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "merk"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "merke"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "mark"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "merk"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
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"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "merc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Maak"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Määrk"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "merk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "marke"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "marka"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "marke"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*marka"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "marke"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "march"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Mark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "marc"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "marka"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "marco"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "marco"
}
],
"lang": "Suevic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Medieval Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "marca"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*marku"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "mörk"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "mørk"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "mork"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "mark"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "mark"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "mark"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "mark"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "marg"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "marg"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "mǫrk"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Norse",
"lang_code": "gmq-pro",
"roman": "*marku",
"word": "*ᛗᚨᚱᚲᚢ"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "marka",
"word": "𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mórǵs",
"t": "edge, boundary, border"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs (“edge, boundary, border”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "مَرْز",
"t": "boundary, frontier",
"tr": "marz"
},
"expansion": "Persian مَرْز (marz, “boundary, frontier”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "margō",
"t": "border, edge"
},
"expansion": "Latin margō (“border, edge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*mrogis",
"t": "region, country"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *mrogis (“region, country”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs (“edge, boundary, border”), possibly from *merǵ- (“to divide”). Cognate with Persian مَرْز (marz, “boundary, frontier”), Latin margō (“border, edge”), Proto-Celtic *mrogis (“region, country”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "markō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "markôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "markō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "markôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "markǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "markōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "markōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "markǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "markōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "markōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "markō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "markōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/markō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "marką"
},
{
"word": "markōną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"border, boundary"
],
"links": [
[
"border",
"border"
],
[
"boundary",
"boundary"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"region, area"
],
"links": [
[
"region",
"region"
],
[
"area",
"area"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑr.kɔː/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "markō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for markō meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.